i) Direct Approach: When the counselor assumes the initiative and carries a major part of the responsibility for problem identification and resolution he or she is using the direct approach. This approach is called as “I talk, you listen”. This direct approach to counseling might also be called the problem solving approach. It has both advantages and disadvantages that are given below.
Advantages of Direct Approach:
• Quickest method.
• Good for people who need clear, concise direction.
• Allows counselors to actively use their experience.
Disadvantages of Direct Approach:
• Doesn’t encourage clients to be part of the solution.
• Tends to treat symptoms, not problems.
• Tends to discourage clients from talking freely.
• Solution is the counsellor’s, not the client’s.
ii) Indirect Approach: The indirect approach was developed primarily by the renowned psychologist Dr. Carl B. Rogers. In this method, the counsellor’s participation is minimal, and the techniques of reflection and acceptance are used to encourage the counselee to freely express himself. The counsellor pays particular attention to the emotion and attitudes associated with the problem. The counselee is encouraged to choose the goals, make the decisions, and take responsibility for those decisions.
• Encourages maturity.
• Encourages open communication.
• Develops personal responsibility.
• Disadvantages:
• More time-consuming
• Requires greatest counsellor skill.
• Combined counselling
• Depending on the nature of the client, intensity of the problem and the available resources, combination of directive and nondirective approaches are used.
Advantages of Indirect approach:
• Moderately quick.
• Encourages maturity.
• Encourages open communication.
• Allows counsellors to actively use their experience.
Disadvantages of Indirect approach:
• May take too much time for some situations.
Counseling” is a very broad category that encompasses many opportunities in any number of types of counseling subfields.
Counselors do work in schools, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, among other locations, or they can maintain a private practice, and there are many ways in which to specialise during their counseling career.
Here are some of the most common types of counselling:
• Marriage and family counselling
• Guidance and career counselling
• Rehabilitation counselling
• Mental health counselling
• Substance abuse counselling
• Educational Counselling
Other types of counselling used in other settings such as army etc., include the following:
• event-oriented counselling
• counselling for specific instances
• reception and integration counselling
• crisis counselling
• referral counselling
• promotion counselling
• adverse separation counselling
• performance counselling
• professional growth counselling
Guidance and career counseling are more geared toward those who are looking for career opportunities. Many have a difficult time deciding what career choice would be best for them. When it comes to considering talents, abilities, likes and opportunities, a career counselor is one that would most likely be best to help with these issues.
Rehabilitation counseling is relatively straightforward. It basically helps anyone who needs rehabilitation for any issue they have dealt with. This is somewhat similar to mental health counseling. Those who have suffered with mental issues of all kinds are those who should look into mental health counseling.
Substance abuse counseling is a therapy more in demand as there is a growing need for substance abuse victims in recent years. Substance abuse could include drugs, alcohol or anything else one becomes dependent upon. Indeed, there are several different types of specialised counseling available to fit the needs of any individual who would like to seek therapy for his or her problems.
In addition to the main specialties listed above, counselors can also assist their clients using techniques in areas such as these:
• Debt counseling
• Child development counseling
• Eating disorder therapy
• Grief counseling
• Art therapy
• Musical therapy
There is a huge body of empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy for addressing many different kinds of psychological distress.
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