Mahatma Gandhi played a pivotal role in the Indian National Movement, transforming it into a mass-based struggle for independence. His leadership and philosophy of non-violent resistance (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience became the driving force behind India's fight for freedom from British rule. Gandhi’s approach marked a shift from earlier methods of protest to more inclusive, non-violent methods that resonated with people from all walks of life.
1. Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha (1917-1918):
Gandhi's first major involvement in the Indian freedom struggle began with the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917, where he led peasants against the oppressive indigo cultivation system in Bihar. This was followed by the Kheda Satyagraha in Gujarat in 1918, where he helped farmers demand relief from high taxes during a famine. These early struggles introduced the principles of Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) and non-cooperation.
2. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922):
In 1920, following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919) and widespread dissatisfaction with British rule, Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement. He called for a boycott of British goods, courts, schools, and services, encouraging Indians to use Khadi and to refuse to cooperate with the British government. This movement was revolutionary because it mobilized millions of Indians across the country and spread the message of self-reliance and non-violent resistance.
3. Salt March (1930):
One of Gandhi's most iconic actions was the Salt March (Dandi March) in 1930, where he led a 240-mile march to the coastal village of Dandi to produce salt, defying the British salt laws. The Salt Satyagraha galvanized the masses, symbolizing resistance to British tyranny and the unjust colonial policies.
4. Quit India Movement (1942):
During World War II, in 1942, Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement, demanding the immediate withdrawal of British forces from India. Although the movement was suppressed, it demonstrated the widespread support for independence and brought the struggle to its zenith.
Legacy:
Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience not only made him the leader of the Indian National Congress but also earned him the title of "Father of the Nation." His methods inspired global movements for civil rights and independence, making his role in India's national movement historically significant and globally influential.
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