Formation of Andhra Pradesh State:
The formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) is a significant chapter in India's post-independence history, marked by political, social, and linguistic movements that culminated in the reorganization of states on linguistic lines. The formation of Andhra Pradesh can be traced back to the linguistic reorganization of states in the 1950s and 1960s, driven by demands for linguistic and regional identity, administrative efficiency, and socio-economic development. Here's an overview of the formation of Andhra Pradesh state:
a. Linguistic Movements: The demand for the creation of Andhra Pradesh emerged from the broader linguistic movements in post-independence India, advocating for the recognition of regional languages as the basis for state formation. The Telugu-speaking people of the erstwhile Madras Presidency, comprising the coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions, agitated for a separate state to safeguard their cultural and linguistic identity.
b. Andhra Pradesh State Formation: The struggle for a separate Andhra state gained momentum in the 1950s under the leadership of prominent leaders such as Potti Sreeramulu, who undertook a hunger strike demanding the formation of Andhra Pradesh. The Government of India acceded to the demand, and Andhra Pradesh was created on October 1, 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.
c. Hyderabad as Joint Capital: The city of Hyderabad, which was part of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad, was designated as the joint capital of Andhra Pradesh and the newly formed Telangana state following the merger of Telangana with Andhra Pradesh in 1956. Hyderabad served as the capital of Andhra Pradesh until the bifurcation of the state in 2014.
d. Socio-Economic Development: The formation of Andhra Pradesh provided a conducive environment for socio-economic development, infrastructure investment, and regional integration. The state witnessed significant progress in sectors such as agriculture, industry, education, and healthcare, contributing to its overall growth and development.
e. Telangana Statehood Movement: Despite the initial integration of Telangana with Andhra Pradesh, grievances and disparities between the Telangana region and the coastal Andhra-Rayalaseema regions persisted. The demand for separate statehood for Telangana gained momentum in the late 20th century, leading to a protracted statehood movement and eventual bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh in 2014.
f. Bifurcation and Formation of Telangana: The bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and the formation of Telangana as a separate state in 2014 marked the culmination of decades-long demands for regional autonomy and identity. The new state of Telangana was carved out of the northern Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital, while Andhra Pradesh retained its capital at Amaravati.
In summary, the formation of Andhra Pradesh state reflects the complex interplay of linguistic, cultural, political, and administrative factors that have shaped the evolution of states in post-independence India. The creation of Andhra Pradesh and subsequent bifurcation underscore the aspirations for regional autonomy, identity, and development within the framework of India's federal democracy.
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