Climate Change Convention, 1992

 The Climate Change Convention refers to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was adopted in 1992 during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The convention was opened for signature on June 4, 1992, and entered into force on March 21, 1994. It serves as a landmark international treaty that aims to address global climate change issues.

Key objectives of the Climate Change Convention include:

1. Stabilization of Greenhouse Gas Concentrations: The convention aims to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Parties to the convention committed to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human-induced interference with the climate system.
2. Adaptation: Recognizing that climate change will have widespread effects on ecosystems and human societies, the convention emphasizes the need for countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
3. Mitigation: The convention promotes measures to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, it initially did not include binding emission reduction targets for individual countries.
4. Financial and Technological Support: Recognizing the different capacities and responsibilities of developed and developing countries, the convention calls for financial and technological support to assist developing countries in their efforts to address climate change and adapt to its impacts.

The Convention set the stage for subsequent climate-related agreements and negotiations, including the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015. The Kyoto Protocol established legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries, while the Paris Agreement builds on the UNFCCC and aims to bring all nations together to undertake efforts to limit global temperature increases.

The annual Conference of the Parties (COP) is the supreme decision-making body of the UNFCCC, where countries meet to discuss and negotiate climate-related actions and agreements. The convention remains a foundational document in the international efforts to combat climate change.

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