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NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage (223) Solved Assignments [TMA] 2023-24

NIOS SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS [TMA] 2023-24

SECONDARY SOLVED [TMA] 2023-24 for Class 10

Indian Culture and Heritage (223)

Tutor Marked Assignment

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Max. Marks: 20

Note:

(i) All questions are compulsory. The marks allotted for each question are given beside the question.

(ii) Write your name, enrollment number, AI name and subject on the first page of the answer sheet.

1. Answer any one the following question in about 40-60 words.

a) Examine the contribution of Sufi Saint towards the growth of a composite Indian culture. (See Lesson-9)

Ans - Sufi saints played a pivotal role in fostering a composite Indian culture by promoting spiritual unity beyond religious boundaries. Through their teachings, music, and poetry, they advocated love, tolerance, and the oneness of humanity, contributing significantly to the syncretic fabric of Indian society.

b)  List any two contributions of Baudhayan in the field of Mathematics. (See Lesson-15)

Ans - Answer Anyone

2. Answer any one the following question in about 40-60 words.

a) Mention any two features that show the importance of spirituality in Indian culture.(See Lesson-2)

Ans - Spirituality holds paramount importance in Indian culture, evident in the emphasis on karma (action) and dharma (duty) as guiding principles. The concept of Moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth, underscores spiritual evolution. Additionally, the tradition of yoga, focusing on physical and mental well-being, highlights the interconnectedness of the spiritual and physical realms, fostering a holistic approach to life.

b) Examine the contribution of Aryabhatta in Astronomy. (See Lesson-14)

Ans - Answer Anyone

3. Answer any one the following question in about 40-60 words.

a) ‘Sanskrit is the mother of many Indian languages.’ Examine. (See lesson -6)

Ans - Sanskrit's role as the mother of many Indian languages is evident in linguistic similarities and shared roots. Languages like Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi evolved from Sanskrit, maintaining lexical and grammatical connections. The commonality facilitates communication and cultural understanding across diverse linguistic communities.

b) List the characteristics of Indian culture. (See Lesson-2)

Ans - Answer Anyone

4. Answer any one the following question in about 100-150 words.

a) Justify the importance of reading/ understanding history to the younger generations of India. (See Lesson-3)

Ans - Importance of Understanding History for Younger Generations in India:

Understanding history is crucial for the younger generations of India as it provides a foundation for shaping their identity, fostering civic responsibility, and learning from past experiences. History offers insights into the cultural, social, and political evolution of the nation, enabling young minds to appreciate their roots and diverse heritage.

1. Cultural Awareness: History introduces young individuals to the rich cultural tapestry of India, instilling pride in their heritage and promoting cultural diversity.
2. Civic Values: By studying historical events and societal transformations, young people can grasp the significance of democracy, secularism, and social justice—key principles that form the bedrock of the Indian Constitution.
3. Learning from Mistakes: History teaches valuable lessons by showcasing both triumphs and failures. Understanding historical mistakes can guide the younger generation in making informed decisions for a better future.
4. Inspiration for Leadership: Studying historical leaders and movements inspires young minds to contribute positively to society. Learning about figures like Mahatma Gandhi and their struggles promotes values of leadership, non-violence, and social change.
5. Critical Thinking: Analyzing historical events cultivates critical thinking skills, enabling the younger generation to question, evaluate evidence, and form reasoned opinions.

In essence, a strong grasp of history is indispensable for the younger generations to navigate the complexities of the present and actively contribute to the nation's future.

b)  Identify some major issues and problems of contemporary Indian society. (See lesson-20)

Ans - Answer Anyone

5. Answer any one the following question in about 100-150 words.

a) Examine the role played by the Charvaka School in the growth of the philosophical knowledge. (See lesson-8)

Ans - Answer Anyone

b) Mention the main features of Harappan remains. (See lesson-13)

Ans - Main Features of Harappan Remains:

The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the world's oldest and most advanced urban cultures, flourishing from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. Its remains reveal several distinctive features:

1. Urban Planning:Grid System: Harappan cities, including Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, exhibited advanced urban planning with a grid layout of streets and buildings.

• Drainage System: Sophisticated drainage systems were integrated into the streets, reflecting a remarkable understanding of hygiene and sanitation.

2. Architecture:

• Brick Construction: Most structures were constructed using standardized, kiln-fired bricks, showcasing a high level of architectural skill.
• Citadel and Lower Town: Cities were often divided into a citadel, likely for administrative and religious purposes, and a lower town for residential and commercial activities.

3. Trade and Economy:

• Trade Networks: The Harappans engaged in extensive trade, evidenced by the presence of their artifacts in Mesopotamian and Persian sites.
• Dockyard at Lothal: The discovery of a dockyard at Lothal suggests the existence of a maritime trade network.

4. Writing System:

• Undeciphered Script: The Harappan script, found on seals and tablets, remains undeciphered, limiting our understanding of their written records.

5. Art and Craftsmanship:

• Seals and Figurines: Intricately carved seals, often depicting animals, and terracotta figurines highlight their artistic prowess.
• Metalwork: Copper and bronze artifacts, including tools and ornaments, reveal advanced metallurgical skills.

6. Ceramics:

• Wheel-Made Pottery: Harappans produced wheel-made pottery with distinctive black-on-red designs, showcasing their proficiency in ceramic arts.

7. Religious and Cultural Practices:

• Great Bath: Mohenjo-Daro features the Great Bath, a large, rectangular tank possibly used for ritualistic bathing.
• Fire Altars: The presence of fire altars suggests a connection to religious or ceremonial practices.

8. Harappan Script and Language:

• Undeciphered Script: The Harappan script remains undeciphered, limiting our understanding of their written records.
• Possible Language: The nature of the language spoken by the Harappans is unknown, contributing to the mystery of their civilization.

9. Decline and Abandonment:

• Multiple Theories: The reasons for the decline of the Harappan Civilization remain speculative, with theories including environmental changes, migration, or economic factors.
• Abandoned Cities: Many Harappan cities were abandoned, leading to the eventual disappearance of the civilization.

10. Measurement System:

• Standardized Weights: Discovery of standardized weights suggests an organized system of measurement, essential for trade and economic activities.

11. Terracotta Artifacts:

• Various Forms: Terracotta artifacts include toys, pottery, and human figurines, providing insights into daily life and cultural practices.

In conclusion, the Harappan remains offer a fascinating glimpse into an advanced ancient civilization with remarkable achievements in urban planning, architecture, trade, and art. Despite their decline and the enigma surrounding their script, the legacy of the Harappan Civilization persists as a testament to human ingenuity in the ancient world.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:

(a) Medieval India witnessed the rise of two very important movements i.e. the Bhakti and Sufi movement. Do this project with the help of the following guidelines. (See Lesson-9)

(i) Identify two saints from each of the movement.

(ii) Find out other saints with similar thinking along with their teachings.

(iii) Also write how their thoughts could have influenced the lives of the people during That time.

Ans - Project: Bhakti and Sufi Movements in Medieval India

(a) Bhakti and Sufi Movements: Saints, Teachings, and Influence

i) Identification of Saints:

Bhakti Movement:

1. Kabir: A 15th-century saint, Kabir emphasized the oneness of God and rejected ritualistic practices. His verses, collected in the 'Bijak,' embody the spirit of equality and unity.
2. Mirabai: A 16th-century mystic poetess, Mirabai's devotion to Lord Krishna is reflected in her soulful compositions. She expressed her love for the divine through poetry.

Sufi Movement:

1. Rumi (Jalaluddin Rumi): A 13th-century Persian Sufi poet and mystic, Rumi's teachings focused on love, spiritual union, and the pursuit of divine knowledge. His work, the 'Masnavi,' is highly influential.
2. Bulleh Shah: A Punjabi Sufi poet of the 18th century, Bulleh Shah advocated for unity with the divine through love. His poetry reflects a blend of Sufi philosophy and local traditions.

ii) Similar Thinking of Other Saints:

Bhakti Movement:

1. Tulsidas: A 16th-century saint, Tulsidas's 'Ramcharitmanas' emphasizes devotion to Lord Rama and the path of righteousness.
2. Sant Tukaram: A 17th-century Marathi saint, Tukaram's abhanga poetry expresses devotion to Lord Vithoba, emphasizing simplicity and devotion.

Sufi Movement:

1. Shah Hussain: A 16th-century Punjabi Sufi, Hussain's poetry focused on love for the divine and unity. His work, like Bulleh Shah's, contributed to the syncretic culture of the region.
2. Fariduddin Ganjshakar (Baba Farid): A 12th-century Punjabi Sufi, Baba Farid's poetry reflects on the unity of God and the importance of love and devotion.

iii) Influence on People's Lives:

Bhakti Movement: The Bhakti saints' emphasis on direct devotion to a personal deity and rejection of caste-based discrimination challenged societal norms. Their teachings promoted a more inclusive and humane society, fostering love and equality among people.

Sufi Movement: Sufi saints' teachings of love, tolerance, and spiritual unity transcended religious boundaries. They played a crucial role in promoting harmony among different religious communities and contributed to the syncretic nature of Indian culture.

b) Collect information of atleast ten historical monuments, temples, sculptures, coins and literature. Make a small report with the help of the following guidelines. (See Lesson-13)

(i) The time period in which they were built, written or used.

(ii) If it is literature then what was the subject material?

(iii) What more information do we get out of them of that period?

Ans - Answer Anyone

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