Sociology provides unique perspectives regarding the world around us. Sociological perspective is a way of looking at events, forms, and processes through the trained eyes of a scientist. The sociological perspective enables us to look critically at commonly held assumptions about ourselves and our society. It also tells us that we are all products of our culture. The major goal of sociological perspective is to identify and interpret the patterns underlying the recurrent regular aspects of social life and also to investigate the influences on social behaviour.
Now, we will attempt to highlight the main focus of sociological perspective in brief as given below -
1. Sociology is a scientific endeavour with a strong humanistic bent. The old notion that whether sociology is scientific or humanistic has been replaced by the modern view that it is both scientific and humanistic. As a scientific discipline, it aims at value- free and objective causal analysis of social phenomena.
2. Sociology views society or social relations as structured, constituting a reality that transcends individuals. Like psychology, sociology is not interested in behaviour of an individual but in the patterns of behaviour or behaviour of groups of persons. Sociology is concerned with how the structure of society is created, maintained and changed.
3. Sociology tries to investigate the processes through which society shapes the individual and how in turn individuals create the structure of society.
4. Sociology studies social phenomena from both holistic and relational points of view. These perspectives enable sociologists to identify the underlying recurrent patterns of and influences on social behaviour.
5. Sociology studies human behaviour in group context. For a sociologist, man/woman and his/her particular act or activity is nor important, but his/her status and role in which the activity is performed is important.
6. Sociological perspective is neither utopian nor fatalistic but scientific. But at times, it sometimes goes beyond the questions of what, how, why and where and assumes the role of an applied science. Thus, sociological perspective is both neutralistic and interventionistic. Early sociologists were positivists; they emphasized its neutralistic character, but modern sociologists argue that sociologists should adopt the role of an interventionist along with his traditional role of a scientist.
7. Sociological perspective involves the investigation of the problem on both micro and macro levels. At micro level, sociology studies how individuals behave in social situations – at work, at play, at home, or in school, or in small and large groups. It deals with people’s everyday interactions. At macro level, sociology focuses on patterns of behaviour and forms of organization that characterize entire societies. At this level, sociology deals with large-scale structures, broad social categories, institutions, social systems and social problems such as war, unemployment, poverty, corruption and solutions to these problems are sought at the structural or organizational level.
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